2014年英语四级常用语法(4)
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2014年英语四级常用语法(4)
下面是2014年英语四级常用语法(4),介绍非谓语动词。
不定式
形式
主动形式 被动形式
一般式 to do to be done
完成式 to have done to have been done
进行式 to be doing
完成进行式 to have been doing
完成式:不定式的一般形式所表示的动作,通常与主要谓语表示的动作(状态)同时(或几乎同时)发生,或是在它之后发生。假如不定式所表示的动作,在谓语所表示的动作(状态)之前发生,就要用不定式的完成式。
I am glad to have seen your mother (= I am glad I have seen your mother).
(比较: I am glad to see you.)
He is said to have written a new book about workers.
He pretended not to have seen me.
进行式: 如果主要谓语表示的动作(状态)发生时,不定式表示的动作正在进行,这时要用不定式的进行式。
You are not supposed to be working. You haven't quite recovered yet.
We didn't expect you to be waiting for us here.
He pretended to be listening attentively.
完成进行式: 在谓语所表示的时间之前一直进行的动作, 就要用不定式的完成进行式.
The struggle was known to have been going for twenty years.
We are happy to have been working with you.
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